指环王，现代性和工业化

作为一个死军宅看指环王里的战争场面的时候总是会忍不住的想：如果双塔的兽人大军们面对的不是人类、精灵和矮人的豪华版中世纪联军（基本都披甲！而且都是板甲！在中世纪给1W士兵披甲足够让一个法国这样的国家破产），而是踏着严整鼓点步伐的瑞士长枪方阵，或者西班牙步兵方阵甚至再往后面伴随英国掷弹兵进行曲缓步前行的英国陆军火枪队，事情会变成什么样子？

近代军队的进步和近代国家的进步是一体两面。中世纪作为封建领主的私人领地所需要的就是对他私人效忠的骑士封臣团体和打赢了反正没有好处但是输了就要掉脑袋的农民兵，所以战斗靠的是个人武勇和打赢了可以烧杀抢掠的利益诱惑。所以这会打仗靠的是个人武力和胆量，所谓围三阙一的目的就是不要逼得对手拼命。从这个角度来讲，这回的军队基本上都是雇佣兵体制。但是到了近代，民族主义的兴起使得国民志愿军成为了可能，他们更能够合作，更能够忍受物资匮乏和伤亡，同时国家也能够动员出更大比例的人口出来打仗。拿破仑就是依靠法国作为欧洲首先统一的民族国家才能够屡次崛起并且碾压周边国家，法国在当时的动员能力明显比欧洲其他国家高一个档次。

所以联系到指环王，这个“我们”和“它们”的分界线是再清楚不过了——对面根本就不是人。所以从这个角度而言，中土上的人类诸国更加接近于民族主义国家，因为一旦输了就有灭国之虞。如果这场战争不是在弗罗多拿到魔戒开始之后就在几乎一年以内就结束了（双方都没有开始像样的动员），而是长期化，打它个十年二十年，我们就完全可能看到冈铎或者洛汗国的军队踏着严整步伐玩长枪方阵了。当然在电影里有个很大的毛病就是人类两个国家似乎人口都少的可怜，所有人口加起来未必比兽人军队多多少……

另外一个很有趣的话题就是指环王里对现代性的暗示。或许不能叫暗示而是明示——萨鲁曼很明确的说中土的田园气氛一去不复返，他要以工业化代替之。萨鲁曼的白手强兽人军队不是征召出来的，而是生产出来的，在效率上根本上就碾压人类诸国。如果不是树人帮忙，光凭人类诸国，根本就打不过强兽人军队。这里的寓意也很简单：邪恶的工业化摧毁了田园生活！

但是——那又如何？能够对抗现代性的，只有现代性。能够对抗工业化力量的，只有工业化力量。人类诸国如果不尽早工业化批量生产热兵器，打萨鲁曼是根本不能够的。那么这里就引出了另外一个结论，那就是——整个中土唯一的进步力量居然是萨鲁曼。只有他才认识到技术力量可以改变世界。他还认真的开发出了一个新的兵种，可以规模量产的强兽人，拥有比索伦的兽人更加优越的特质：不怕白天，更加强壮，更加聪明等等。索伦到最后也没想起来把这个生产技术抄过去——他根本就不觉得这是个事。所以我们假设，假如一开始萨鲁曼选择站在人类诸国这边，没有拿到魔戒的索伦大概打不过他，因为索伦虽然拥有技术，但是他不关心技术。于是抛开本来的情节来看，人类只有自己也工业化，才能打败工业化的敌人。但是人类怎么能够依靠邪恶的工业化来打败邪恶呢！人类军队怎么能够和那么丑恶的强兽人并肩作战呢（虽然我觉得以萨鲁曼的技术而言外貌不是什么大问题）！这是个大是大非的问题！这是个对中土忠不忠心，有没有信仰的问题！XDDDD

好吧胡扯蛋到此结束。

Beatles and Rolling Stone

看两首歌词。


Beatles-Across the Universe

Words are flowing out like
Endless rain into a paper cup
They slither wildly as they slip away across the universe.
Pools of sorrow waves of joy
Are drifting through my opened mind
Possessing and caressing me.

Jai Guru Deva. Om
Nothing's gonna change my world
Nothing's gonna change my world
Nothing's gonna change my world
Nothing's gonna change my world

Images of broken light, which
Dance before me like a million eyes,
They call me on and on across the universe.
Thoughts meander like a
Restless wind inside a letter box
They tumble blindly as they make their way across the universe.

Jai Guru Deva. Om
Nothing's gonna change my world
Nothing's gonna change my world
Nothing's gonna change my world
Nothing's gonna change my world

Sounds of laughter, shades of life
Are ringing through my opened ears
Inciting and inviting me.
Limitless undying love, which
Shines around me like a million suns,
It calls me on and on across the universe

Jai Guru Deva.
Jai Guru Deva.
Jai Guru Deva.
Nothing's gonna change my world
Nothing's gonna change my world
Nothing's gonna change my world
Nothing's gonna change my world




Rolling Stones-Sympathy for the Devil


Please allow me to introduce myself
I'm a man of wealth and taste
I've been around for a long, long year
Stole many a mans soul and faith
And I was round when jesus christ
Had his moment of doubt and pain
Made damn sure that pilate
Washed his hands and sealed his fate
Pleased to meet you
Hope you guess my name
But what's puzzling you
Is the nature of my game
I stuck around st. petersburg
When I saw it was a time for a change
Killed the czar and his ministers
Anastasia screamed in vain
I rode a tank
Held a generals rank
When the blitzkrieg raged
And the bodies stank
Pleased to meet you
Hope you guess my name, oh yeah
Ah, what's puzzling you
Is the nature of my game, oh yeah
I watched with glee
While your kings and queens
Fought for ten decades
For the gods they made
I shouted out,
Who killed the kennedys?
When after all
It was you and me
Let me please introduce myself
I'm a man of wealth and taste
And I laid traps for troubadours
Who get killed before they reached bombay
Pleased to meet you
Hope you guessed my name, oh yeah
But what's puzzling you
Is the nature of my game, oh yeah, get down, baby
Pleased to meet you
Hope you guessed my name, oh yeah
But what's confusing you
Is just the nature of my game
Just as every cop is a criminal
And all the sinners saints
As heads is tails
Just call me lucifer
Cause I'm in need of some restraint
So if you meet me
Have some courtesy
Have some sympathy, and some taste
Use all your well-learned politesse
Or I'll lay your soul to waste, um yeah
Pleased to meet you
Hope you guessed my name, um yeah
But what's puzzling you
Is the nature of my game, um mean it, get down
Woo, who
Oh yeah, get on down
Oh yeah
Oh yeah!
Tell me baby, what's my name
Tell me honey, can ya guess my name
Tell me baby, what's my name
I tell you one time, you're to blame
Ooo, who
Ooo, who
Ooo, who
Ooo, who, who
Ooo, who, who
Ooo, who, who
Ooo, who, who
Oh, yeah
What's my name
Tell me, baby, what's my name
Tell me, sweetie, what's my name
Ooo, who, who
Ooo, who, who
Ooo, who, who
Ooo, who, who
Ooo, who, who
Ooo, who, who
Ooo, who, who
Oh, yeah

不谈具体两首词写的如何；但是文化水平真的是高下立判。滚石四个小青年中产阶级出身，学校可都没白上，Sympathy for the Devil里书袋可是掉的满地都是。相比Paul在Penny Lane里用Fish and finger pie恶搞，Beatles四个孩子可都是苦出身了。

但是想到当时Beatles的形象塑造倒是文质彬彬的乖孩子，滚石却是叛逆野孩子，这算是反差萌吧。

Bookends Theme.

Time it was, and what a time it was, it was 

A time of innocence, a time of confidences 

Long ago, it must be, I have a photograph 

Preserve your memories, they're all that's left you

这么多年来最喜欢的几句歌词之一。如此多的话要讲，但是最后说的却是如此之少。

他弹着吉他，几次开口，却又只是轻轻叹气。“那又如何？”